The illustration above appears in the 1697 book, Critique historique, politique, morale, economique et comique sur les lotteries by Gregorio Leti.
Leti was a vocal critic of the Catholic Church and of the Pope. His works earned him a spot on the Church’s infamous list of prohibited books, the Index Librorum Prohibitorum.
As a close up of the image reveals the dogs didn’t take to kindly to the stream of books invading their space.
And here is the amazing title page illustration from the book:
The entire book is available for your perusal thanks to the Folger Shakespeare Library
h/t Ptak Science Books: Dogs as Book Reviewers, 1697